Bullying Awareness Programs Should Be Beneficial - 1148 Words

There has been a series of bullying related suicides across the globe in the US that is drawing attention to the connection between bullying and suicide. Research indicates that 15 to 20 percent of all students are victimized by bullies at some point in their school careers (Education Digest). There are several steps we can take as a community to protect our children from bullies. For example, it should become a mandatory requirement for schools to carry out a bullying awareness program, they should also be required to teach anti bullying courses as well as working together as a community to give a safe environment for our children. Most importantly, implementing a bullying awareness program will be beneficial because it will†¦show more content†¦There are a number of warning signs that may show that someone is affected by bullying; either they re being bullied or bullying others. Some of the signs listed as follows: unexplainable injuries, frequent headaches or stomach aches, feeling sick or faking illness, as well as a self destructive behavior such as causing harm to themselves or talking about suicide. Bullying is one of the biggest issues that we have to deal with daily. Finally, it is very important for everyone to work together to set up a safe environment for our children by sending out a unified message against bullying. Teachers and school officials are at the core of any bullying prevention program. They can create a code of conduct, a mission statement, school wide rules as well as a bully reporting system. Doing this will show an environment in which bullying is not acceptable. The teachers and the school officials are unable to do this alone; engaging the parents and youth will help the students feel safer when they are in a classroom setting. In addition, the school climate will improve because the students will engaged in taking action to stop bullying, and parents can support the schools’ message about bullying in the comfort of their own home. They are also more likely to recognize the signs of child being bullied. Students are prone to being bullied if they are withdrawn from their classmates, stand out in some way,

Case Study Questions On Risk Management Essay - 999 Words

Date: 4th October, 2016 Risk Management; DNSC-6254 Risk Management â€Å"Case Study # 2 - ERM† Prepared by: The A Team Aurelia Lianda Rafael Aita Nathan Peppler Osamah Alturki Moyaid Aseel Table of Contents Page 1. Question # 1.1 3 a) Question # 1.1 – (1.1.1) 3 b) Question # 1.1 – (1.1.2) 3 c) Question # 1.1 – (1.1.3) 3 2. Question # 1.2 4 a) Question # 1.2 – (1.2.1) 4 b) Question # 1.2 – (1.2.2) 4 c) Question # 1.2 – (1.2.3) 4 d) Question # 1.2 – (1.2.4) 4 e) Question # 1.2 – (1.2.5) 5 f) Question # 1.2 – (1.2.6) 5 g) Question # 1.2 – (1.2.7) 5 3. Question # 1.3 6 4. Question # 2.1 6 5. Question # 2.2 7 a) Question # 2.2 - (2.2.1) 7 b) Question # 2.2 – (2.2.2) 8 6. Question # 3 8 7. Question # 4 9 1. Question # 1.1 a) Question # 1.1 – (1.1.1) Hydro One is the product of government’s deregulation of the electric power industry. Canada deregulated Ontario Hydro into two companies, a power generation segment and a transmission, delivery segment. 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Buyer Behavior for Research and Hypothesis - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBuyer BehaviorforResearch Objective and Hypothesis. Answer: Introduction: Globally, higher education is undergoing change including higher education institutes. Higher education institutes should adapt to the changing environment and should have ability to adapt to the economic and social changes. Higher education institutes should evaluate traits of individuals in terms of demographic and psychographic traits for implementing effective marketing strategy. Also, there should be assessment of the decision making process of the students for the selection of higher education institutes. There should also be consideration of motivation, personality and emotions of the students at the time of recruitment of these students to higher education institutes. All these aspects are discussed in this essay, also recommendations are also made for improvement in the higher education institutes. Research Objective and Hypothesis: Objective of this research is to identify factors and characters responsible for the decision making process of the 40 students in taking admission to the Holmes institute. It has been hypothesized that with the provision of quality academic and non-academic facility, more number of students can take admission to the Holmes institute. Research Methodology: 40 students and their parents were interviewed, who are seeking admissions for graduation in social sciences at Holmes institute. Questions used in the interviews were related to the demographic and psychographic characteristics of the students. Students were also interviewed to understand their personality, motivation and emotions. Educationalist and social workers were incorporated for conducting these interviews. International students who couldnt attend interviews physically were interviewed over the phone. Responses of the students for the interviews were documented for making final conclusion. Selected 40 students were from different countries, religion, languages, race and socioeconomic class. Research Results and Discussion: Demographic and Psychographic Aspects: Higher education institutes like Holmes institute can grow and develop, if these institutes can understand environment, demographic and psychographic aspects of students. These organizations should be aimed at producing students with sound social and economic foundation, also should address equity and diversity. In recent years, there is drastic augmentation in the competition of education market and student recruitment process become more competitive. In such scenario, institutes should understand real status and characteristics of the students. In higher education institutes demand is more as compared to the supply. Hence, these institutes should work as business like institutes and implement effective marketing strategy to recruit sufficient number of students (Marginson, 2006; Maringe, 2005). In this study, 40 students were recruited to understand their traits for selection of school for higher education. These students are seeking admission to graduation in social sciences. Out of these 40 students, 25 are male and 15 are female students. It is evident that, percentage of boys is more in higher education as compared to the girls. These students are between age 17 19 years old. These students belong to all socioeconomic classes. Out of 40 students, 10 are from higher socioeconomic class, 20 are from middle socioeconomic class and 10 are form lower socioeconomic class. Higher and middle socioeconomic class students have more access to higher educational institutes and lower socioeconomic class students have less access to higher educational institutes. Hence, more efforts should be done for recruitment of these students to higher education institutes. There should be relaxation of fees and provision of free hostel facility to lower socioeconomic class students. Family siz e also plays important role in recruitment of students to higher education institutes. Out of these 40 students, 25 students are with family members less than 4 members and 15 students are with family size with more than 4 family members. It is evident that students of families with less number of family members can get access to the higher education as compared to the students of the families with more number of family members. 30 out of 40 students parents are having permanent jobs, however, 10 students parents are with temporary jobs. Parents with stable job promote their children for higher education, rather than parents with temporary job. Parents with temporary jobs promote their children to work for earning money for the family (Khan, 2007; Wedel and Kamakura, 2012). These children are of different races like white, black and Asian races. Nationality of these students is Australian, English, Indian and American. Students in this group are from different segments like race, culture, socioeconomic factors and family education level. Hence, psychographic segmentation needs to be considered for in the recruitment process of the students. Psychographics segmentation helps to consider each student as the individual and plan the marketing strategy accordingly. Psychographic segmentation should be considered in terms of lifestyle, interests, opinions, personality, and values. Lifestyle considerations should include interests, hobbies, activities, opinions, and values. Interests of the students should be inclined towards education, their hobbies should be related to the education, their activities should be educational, these students should have positive opinion about education and they should value education. Every individual, including these students h ave two lifestyles. One is current lifestyle in which they are living and another one is they wish to be in the future. Defiantly, these students wish to be good lifestyle as compared to the existing one. For improving lifestyle, these students should get good education (Yu-Fen and Chin-Hui, 2009). Psychographic segmentation like lifestyle, interests, opinions, personality, and values of these selected students are inclined towards availing quality education. Consumer Decision Process: These students should follow the Engel, Blackwell and Miniard model for making decision on Holmes institute for their higher education. Five basic steps should be followed in decision making process. These steps include problem/need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, selection, as well as the post-purchase evaluation processes. Problem/need recognition of the student includes identification of need for the higher education and this need should be satisfied by Holmes institute. There should be abundant information available for the student about the institute. Holmes institute has abundant information about the institute, its facilities, its affiliations with different Government bodies, its links to overseas institutes, and its placement records. This information is available in the form of different media like print and audio-visual media. Hence, students can access this information and make wise decision of selecting Holmes institute over the other institu te. Holmes institute satisfies all the criteria of the students evaluation. Holmes institute has all the requirements which fulfill all the requirements of the students. These requirements are in the form of hostel facilities, transportation facilities, fees concession for students with low socioeconomic background, placement assistance, and promotion of extracurricular activities. Instead of evaluation of alternative institute, students can pay the required amount of fee and take the admission in the Holmes institute. This step is more important for foreign national students and students with low socioeconomic class (Wiese et al., 2010; Bonnema Van Der Waldt, 2008). Most of the other institutes dont prefer to give admission to these two classes of students. In this group of 40 students, few students are of foreign origin and few are with low socioeconomic class. Last step in the decision making process is post-purchase evaluation processes. There is availability of good reviews from the alumnus. Generally, students used to get doubt or anxiety about institute after taking admission. However, in case of Holmes institute, this is not the case. This institute has very good track record of students with distinction and placements after the completion of the course. In this group of 40 students, students are from varied background and Holes institute is satisfying their criteria for all these students. Holmes institute is with the mix of all the factors which attracts the students as compared to the other institutes. These factors include responsiveness of staff, research activities, social opportunities, economic considerations and the size of the i nstitution. It is also evident from the literature that campus safety and flexibility in course offering times are also important factors responsible for the decision making process of the students. Holmes institute is having good reputation in the campus safety and this institute is providing flexible timings for availing the course. Holmes institute is having strong presence in the news coverage and advertisements with its good academic and athletic rating. Holmes institute is famous with good public relations and stability. These factors contributed significantly for selecting Homes institute over the other institutes. Scholarships, prestige of the Holmes institute, career preparation and specific academic programmes are the important factors responsible for the selecting Holmes institute by the students (De Jager Du Plooy, 2006; Drew Michael, 2006). Personality, Motivation and Emotion: Personality traits of the students are dependent on the innate ability and family background and it also affects cognitive abilities and academic success of the students. Personality traits of this age group of students are very dynamic. There should be counseling for these students while selecting their higher education institute. In this group, students of different personalities are present. There are different personality traits responsible for the decision making process of students. These personality traits comprises of conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, (in)stability and openness. These students are very careful and precise about their higher education, they are sociable, obedient to teachers and elders, stable in their decisions and open to discuss about their queries regarding higher education. These traits helped these students to make wise decision about their choice of Holmes institute as the higher education institute. These students are with high self-estee m, hence their parents are confident on them about their selection of Holmes institute as higher education institute. These students are with assertive personality hence these students would try to get more knowledge of different institutes to make final decision for the selection of institute (Lipnevich et al., 2016). Motivation responsible for the students for selection of Holmes institute is dependent on the reviews of the earlier students. Alumnus of Holmes Institute has good opinion and reviews about Holmes Institute. Based on the financial aspects, motivation of the students can be classified as quality buyer, value buyer and economy class. Quality buyer students sought for the benefits from the Holmes institute and these students are ready to pay higher amount of fees for the benefits. Students of the high-socioeconomic class come under this class. Value buyers always look for the cost-service ratio. These students expect high quality return from the Holmes institute at the affordable cost. Students of the middle socioeconomic class people come under this class. Economy class buyers are ready to select the institute at lower cost irrespective of the quality. Students of the low socioeconomic class come under this class. Students of low-socioeconomic class would get quality returns at lower p rocess at Holmes institute because Holmes institute is ready to give concession for low socioeconomic class students. Based on educational outcome, motivation of the students can be classified as career learner, socio-improvement learner, leisure learner and ambivalent learner (Wentzel and Miele, 2016) Most of the neuroscience researchers indicated that, decision making of the students is mainly dependent on the subconscious state. Emotions of the students have significant impact on the subconscious state of the students. Hence, emotions of the students should be considered while analyzing decision making process of the student. Both positive emotions such as excited, hopeful, calm and confident and negative emotions such as anxiety, stress, and confusion significantly affected choice of the students for Holmes institute. Admission to the higher education kept these students excited, good reputation of the Holmes institute raised their hopes for getting good education, calmness of the students helped these students to make wise choice of the Holmes institute and available information about the Holes institute made these students confident of its selection. As there are so many colleges available for the higher education, student became anxious while searching for the college, stude nts also felt stressed because decision making for one college from the list of multiple colleges is difficult task. There was lot of confusion among students for selection of colleges because few of the requirements of the students were satisfied by one college and remaining by another college (Damon et al., 2006). Implications: Irrespective of the gender, language, social and economic status of the students, higher education institutes should provide quality education for recruiting international students. Students main objective is to get quality education (Van der Walt Brink, 2005). For providing quality education, institutes should provide quality education training to the students. It is evident that students are not buying degrees, however they are buying benefits in terms of employment opportunities, improvement in the status and lifestyle. Hence, educations institutes should make sure that these factors should be satisfied. Educational institutes should improve quality of education by developing broad curriculum, providing modern and innovative education technologies and recruiting staff with higher qualifications. These educational institutes should improve their quality standards and it should match with global standards of the education. There should be incorporation of the non-academic career de velopment programmes for improving efficiency of the institute for recruiting foreign nationals. Educational institutes should communicate all these standard qualities to the students all over the world. Health institutes should focus on the gender specific benefits to the students. For male students, these institutes should provide sports facilities and opportunities for social life in the campus. For female students, importance should be given to the safe and secure life at the campus. Technologically advanced systems should be implemented for safe and secure campus. Electronic card systems should be implemented for entry and exist in the campus. Hence, unknown person with destructive behavior should not enter in the campus (Moogan, 2010). Educational institutes should select location of the institute wisely. It should be close to the residential area along with accessible transportation facilities. This type of location also would be helpful for the students to access library facility in the late evening. Academic institutes should have collaborations with internationally recognized universities, colleges and industries, hence can get exposure at the global level. There should be access to each student of multiple languages, cultures, races and socioeconomic class. There should be wide choices of subject in the institute; hence students from discipline can approach the institute which would be helpful in building strong efficiency of the institute. There should be flexible fee structure for the students. Students with low socioeconomic class should give concession in fees and also there should be institute scholarship for the international students. Academic facilities should be of global standards. International stud ents seeking to take admissions in the institute should get feel of international institute. There should be facility for the on-campus housing because for the students of foreign countries, it would be difficult for them to adjust in the new location of another country. Reputation and image of the institute are the most important factors responsible for the decision making of the students. In the studies, it is evident that reputation is more important as compared to the actual quality of the institute because, for most of the international students, perceived excellence directs them for decision making. There should be formation of special department comprising of expertise in the recruitment of students. It would be helpful in increasing recruitment of international students at the higher education institutes (Muntean et al., 2009; Bennett Ali-Choudhury, 2009). Conclusion: Outcome of this research indicate that, there are multiple choices available for the students to select higher education institute. Different characters and traits of the students are responsible of the selection of the institute. Segmentation of the students would be helpful in understanding decision process of the students. Students can utilize their funding optimally to select institute with high caliber and reputation. Both marketing and social environment are responsible for influencing decision making process in the students. There should be incorporation of improvement in the academic quality, academic facility, reputation and image of the organization for recruitment of more number of foreign students. References: Bennett, R., Ali-Choudhury, R. (2009). Prospective students perceptions of university brands: An empirical study. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 19, pp. 85107. Bonnema, J., Van Der Waldt, D. (2008). Information preferences of a student market in higher education. International Journal of Education Management, 22(4), pp. 314-27. Damon, W., Lerner, R. M., Eisenberg, N. (2006). Handbook of Child Psychology, Social, Emotional, and Personality Development. John Wiley Sons. De Jager, J.W., Du Plooy, A.T. 2006. Student's expectations of service quality in tertiary education: A comparison between prospective and current students. Acta Commercii, 6, pp. 10-19. Drew, T., Michael, C. (2006). How do students choose a university? An analysis of application to universities in Ontario, Canada. Research in Higher Education, 47(7), pp. 781-800. Khan, M. (2007). Consumer Behaviour and Advertising Management. New Age International. Lipnevich, A. A., Preckel, F., Roberts, R. D. (2016). Psychosocial Skills and School Systems in the 21st Century: Theory, Research and Practice. Springer. Marginson, S. (2006). Dynamics of national and global competition in higher education. Higher Education, 52, pp. 1-39. Maringe, F. (2005). University marketing: Perceptions, practices and prospects in the less developed world. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 15(2), pp. 129-153. Moogan, Y. (2010). Can a higher education institutions marketing strategy improve the student-institution match? Kaplan Business School, 25, pp. 570589. Muntean, A., Cabulea, L., Danuletiu, D. (2009). The brand: One of the universitys most valuable assets. Annales Univeritatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 11, pp. 10661071. Van der Walt, C.. Brink, C. (2005). Multilingual universities: a national and international overview. South African Journal of Higher Education, 19(4), pp. 822-861. Wedel, M., Kamakura, W. A. (2012). Market Segmentation: Conceptual and Methodological Foundations. Springer Science Business Media. Wentzel, K. R., and Miele, D. B. (2016). Handbook of Motivation at School. Routledge. Wiese, M., Van Heerden, C. H., Jordaan, Y. (2010). The role of demographics in students' selection of higher education institutions. Acta Commercii, 10(1), pp. 150-163. Yu-Fen, C. and Chin-Hui, H. (2009). Applying market segmentation theory to student behavior in selecting a school or department. New Horizons in Education, 57(2), pp. 32-43.

Information Divide between Urban and Rural Territories in Australia

Executive Summary The report provides the analysis and discussion of the issue associated with the information divide between the urban and rural territories in Australia. The discussion of the issue is based on defining the concept of information or digital divide in the global context and with references to the situation in Australia.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Information Divide between Urban and Rural Territories in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The report investigates the information divide as the global issue and as the problem influencing the development of the Australian society and economy because of the factor of geographical location. According to the report findings, the information divide between the urban and rural territories is a result of the drawbacks in the supportive infrastructure to provide the Internet and mobile connections in the rural territories, and it is the effect of the inappropriate policies related to the Internet connection costs in these regions. The current policies used by the Australian government to improve the situation contribute to the increase of possibilities for the metropolitan areas’ progress because there are appropriate basics for the further improvement of information and communication technologies in the urban regions. There are recommendations presented in the report to improve the system of the government’s investments in the industry and to change the policies in relation to the promotion of the access to the information and communication technologies. Introduction In the context of intensive globalisation processes, the issue of information or digital divide acquires a new meaning because the flows of information and the effective communication channels can influence the development of economy and society at the global and national levels significantly. An information divide can be defined as a kind of i nequality between different groups of population in relation to their access to definite technologies known today as information and communication technologies. This divide can be classified according to several parameters such as age, gender, location, and others. The geographical location plays an important role in discussing the aspects of the information divide because the people’s possibilities to use computers and their access to the Internet or mobile connection depend on the persons’ location (Rowena 2003). The issue of information divide between rural and urban territories is typical for many countries, including such a developed country as Australia. Thus, in spite of the increased role of information and communication technologies in the social and economic life of the Australians, the information divide between the rural and urban territories is observed with references to supportive infrastructure and priorities in the national development plan.Advertising Looking for report on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discussion of the Information Divide Issue in Relation to Australian Urban and Rural Territories The concept of the information divide in the global context Today, the access to information and communication technologies is the necessary condition for the development in all the industries and markets while focusing on the spheres of social life, economy, and business. The global economic chains develop depending on the principles of speed, flexibility, and innovation, and the progress in the Internet and mobile technologies can respond to these demands. Any processes which are associated with modernisation and industrialisation depend on the progress of information technologies, and these changes in the economic life of the world population are also connected with the alternations in the social life. Thus, persons’ success as professionals and active par ticipants of the society’s life is also based on their access to information and communication technologies because of the possibilities not only to receive the necessary information but also interact within the information flow (Korpela, Montealegre, Poulymenakou 2003). Furthermore, the usage of computers and other technologies also facilitate companies’ productivity and contribute to the firms’ performance. However, the progress in information and communication technologies affects the development of the information divide issue because it is rather difficult to guarantee the equal access of all the population’s categories to the information flow. It is important to note that differences in the possibilities of the African populations and representatives of the Western countries to receive the access to the Internet are obvious because of the governments’ positions and the levels of the economic development. Thus, the factor of geographical posi tion plays an important role to discuss the question. Moreover, to focus on the issue at the national level, it is necessary to refer to the divide between the urban and rural territories. The differences in the educational levels and social progress observed at the urban and rural territories are significant to state that the abilities of the populations to use the information technologies are also important along with the provided access to the technologies and developed infrastructure (Graham 2002). Furthermore, â€Å"the rural/urban divide appears to be more accentuated the more sophisticated the technology is† (United Nations 2009, p. 49). Facing such barriers as the weak supportive infrastructure and the lack of knowledge to use computers or mobile phones appropriately, the representatives of rural territories experience difficulties with their access to the information and communication technologies, and the discussed information divide increases. To contribute to the public’s connectivity at the national level, it is necessary to pay attention to all the associated factors.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Information Divide between Urban and Rural Territories in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The information divide between the rural and urban territories in Australia To understand the situation in Australia which is related to the digital divide, it is necessary to focus on the connection of processes with the development of the Australian economy and society. Rural regions can be discussed as less connected in comparison with the urban territories because of the low development of the associated infrastructure and the lack of the necessary skills to use all the provided opportunities related to information and communication technologies (Black Atkinson 2007). Today, the Australians use the Internet connection, digital TV, and mobile phones actively, but the numbers are different in relation to rural and urban territories. Thus, in 2009, more than 75% of the Australians living in the urban territories had the access to the Internet connection, and 65% of the Australians from the rural territories could also use the Internet (Figure 1; Lee 2011). Thus, the digital divide between the rural and urban territories can be measured in relation to the difference in 10%, and it is expected that the digital divide will decrease with the further progress of the information and communication technologies. The reasons for the development of such tendencies are in the social and economic demands. The costs of the Internet connection in the rural territories of Australia are higher because of the necessity to support the infrastructure outside the metropolitan areas more actively. This factor can affect the people’s choice related to the usage of computers and Internet connection. Furthermore, although today farmers and businessmen in the rural territories of Australia are inclined to use information and communication technologies and the authorities invest in these operations, the evidences support the fact that large enterprises oriented to the use of such technologies more actively (Meshur 2012). However, the government’s investments to change the situation in the rural regions regarding the digital divide remain to be the important part of the budget. From this point, the uneven distribution of the digital resources between the rural and urban territories is characterised for the Australian society. The citizens living at the rural territories have the unequal access to the information and communication technologies because of the unreliable connection and weak infrastructure (Willis Tranter 2006). Thus, the geographic isolation of definite remote rural territories influences the progress of these regions negatively due to the absence of potential advantages to provide the expensive Internet connection in these regions.Advertising Looking for report on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Figure 1. The Digital Geographic Divide in Australia (1998-2009) (Lee 2011). Discussion of the Issue’s Effects It is possible to discuss the economy of Australia as depending on the advantages of the information and communication technologies because the speedy flow of knowledge and information is necessary today to influence the progress of enterprises at the national level and at the global arena. That is why, the weaknesses related to the Internet connection costs and quality of the services provided along with the supported infrastructure can affect the development of the firms located at the rural territories significantly (Willis Tranter 2006). The intensified division of the society into privileged and non-privileged groups in relation to the access to the information technologies is also discussed as the negative effect of the developed digital divide. The problem is in the fact that it is rather difficult to overcome the gap immediately, and it can increase in corr elation to the improvement of the situation in the urban territories. The effects of the poor Internet or mobile connection can influence the business communication between the companies negatively. It is important to refer to this factor while discussing the role of the effective information and communication technologies for the progress of economy and business. As a result, the digital divide directly affects the progress of the society and discussion of the metropolitan areas in Australia as commercial or business centres (Gibson 2003). In spite of the fact that rural territories are perceived as attractive for the development of the Internet and mobile connection, the real situation in the regions can be discussed as the barrier to the potential improvement. Recommendations to Overcome the Information Divide To cope with the digital gap in Australia in relation to the difference between the rural and urban territories, it is necessary to encourage the further investments in th e industry to improve the infrastructure in the remote regions of the country. It is also possible to propose changes for the activities of the companies which are promoters of the Internet in the rural territories in order to decrease the costs and stimulate the partnership between public and private parties (Cocklin Dibden 2005). The government should focus on the equal promotion of innovative technologies in all the spheres and industries in Australia without references to the rural or urban territories because the concentration on improving the information and communication technologies only in the urban territories leads to deepening the gap (Meshur 2012). More attention should be paid to the improvement of the situation with the home access to the Internet along with the general access of enterprises to the innovative information technologies. Reference List Black, M Atkinson, J 2007, Addressing the digital divide in rural Australia. Web. Cocklin, C Dibden, J 2005, Sustain ability and change in rural Australia, UNSW Press, Australia. Gibson, C 2003, ‘Digital Divides in NSW: a research note on socio-spatial inequality using 2001 Census data on computer and Internet technology’, Australian Geographer, vol. 34. no. 2, pp. 239-257. Graham, S 2002, ‘Bridging urban digital divides? Urban polarisation and information and communications technologies (ICTs)’, Urban Studies, vol. 39. no. 1, pp. 33– 56. Korpela, M, Montealegre, R, Poulymenakou, A 2003, Organizational information systems in the context of globalization, Springer, USA. Lee, D 2011, ‘The digital divide: the Australian Government’s role in addressing ‘ability’’, Telecommunications Journal of Australia, vol. 61. no. 2, pp. 251-272. Meshur, F 2012, ‘Telecenters as an information technology tool for development in urban and rural areas’, International Journal of Arts Sciences, vol. 5. no. 1, pp. 385–398. Rowena, C 2 003, ‘The digital divide: A global and national call to action’, The Electronic Library, vol. 21. no. 3, pp. 247-260. United Nations 2009, Information economy report 2009: trends and outlook in turbulent times, United Nations Publications, USA. Willis, S Tranter, B 2006, ‘Beyond the ‘digital divide’: internet diffusion and inequality in Australia’, Journal of Sociology, vol. 42. no. 1, pp. 43-59. This report on Information Divide between Urban and Rural Territories in Australia was written and submitted by user Isabell Wilkinson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Communication Process Model

Communication can be referred to as the process by which messages get sent and received. I happened to experience two misunderstandings, one in college and another in the work place. In one of the misunderstandings, a secretary showed thumbs up sign to a colleague who had just acquired a job promotion from the assistant manager to the manager (Heath, 1983). The colleague was embarrassed as she thought that the worker was passing over an obscenity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Communication Process Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The secretary however explained the implication of the gesture to her colleague. She did this through stating the dangers of misunderstandings, followed by a brief but clear explanation of the same (Griffin, 1998). She however sounded sorry and empathetic about her feelings when she received the message (Hall, 1969), but remained confident that she knew that the sign had no ill meaning whatsoever (Morris, Collette, Marsh, O’Shaughnessy, 1980). Sender and receiver of the message in communication In this conversation, the secretary took the position of the sender whereby she originated the message and sent it to her colleague, who was the receiver. The message in the conversation was a gesture of goodwill and congratulations for the new position attained after the promotion. The channel used in the conversation was light waves, which helped the receiver decode the message through interpretation. Misunderstandings in communication The misunderstanding that occurred in this case was the idea that the receiver of the message thought that her colleague was being jealous and hence the insult. This was because the two ladies came from different cultural backgrounds and attached different meanings to given sign languages. This could be avoided by coming up with a common language in the work place. Another case of misunderstanding that I experienced was in a school set up where students received advice from one of the teachers after rampant cases of drug abuse. The sender of the message in this case was the teacher who passed on the message to the recipients. The students on the other hand, were the recipients of the message. Message The message put across by the teacher in this case was a piece of advice and counseling about the effects that drugs had on their health and life in general. The teacher began with a startling opening where he gave statistics of students who dropped out of school and lived reckless lives as a result of drug and substance abuse. (Heath, 1983). He also gave statistics of students and celebrities who had lost their lives to the same. Channel of communication The channel for communication used in this case was sound and light waves where the students listened to what the teacher was saying and observed his actions. This helped them interpret the message more clearly and effectively. The misunderstanding came a bout when the teacher said that he admired the strength that the students had in looking for trouble.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The students misinterpreted the message put across by the teacher, by thinking that he was also a victim of drugs. This caused trouble in the school whereby the students undertook a demonstration that lead to firing of the teacher. To avoid such instances teachers and other administrators should enhance clarity in their speech. Conclusion Effective communication is of great importance. For this to be maintained, it is necessary for people to appreciate each other based on their cultural backgrounds (Rogers, Steinhart, 1999). People should also make use of gestures and signs that do not contradict the meaning of their messages. Use of body language and gestures should be discouraged in the work place and other formal institutions. This he lps in reducing cases of cultural discrimination and enhances harmony and unity. References Griffin, J. (1998). How to say it at work: Putting yourself across with power words, phrases, body language and communication secrets. Paramus, NJ: Prentice Hall Press. Hall, E. T. (1969). Listening behaviors: Some cultural differences. Phi Delta Kappa, 50, 379–380. Heath, S. B. (1983). Ways with words. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Morris, D., Collette, P., Marsh, P., O’Shaughnessy, M. (1980). Gestures, their origins and distributions. New York: Stein and Day. Rogers, E. M., Steinhart, T. M. (1999). Intercultural communication. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Communication Process Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Communication Process Model was written and submitted by user Cecilia Reyes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Cat on a Hot Tin Roof represents a title of a brilliant play composed by Tennessee William, an American playwright. The play focuses on a non-adaptive southern family that is pushed by life to handle concealed deceit and hypocrisy. The issues presented in this play transcend time and realm. William has succeeded in producing a modern tragedy which looks into the consequences of social change, human heart deception and portrayal of the ordinary tragedies that are faced by ordinary people in a dynamic world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cat on a Hot Tin Roof specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, the play emphasizes tragedy in contemporary troubles such as alcoholism, mendacity, regret, betrayal, bitterness, greed, cancer and death. The play also explores homosexuality and infidelity which in part, play a role in bringing these terrible and sorrowful events. Cat on a Tin Roof is, arguably, A Tragedy. Yet, this is a somewhat a vague term; broad, certainly. This essay aims to discuss â€Å"tragedy† as presented in various ways in the play. Kolin argues that, the Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, with its classic antecedents, share a basic principle: â€Å"Man is not the master of his soul. The great decisions are made by forces beyond control (1)†. In the play, superior forces that the characters fight against are biological, social, psychological and economic. As the play commences, one observes that there seems to be lack of communication among the characters as they appear to be suffering from lonesomeness. Tennessee looks to be leery of the alterations in the social measures and household unit dissolution resulting from social and global modifications. This is a fear that is reflected by Big Daddy’s phrase; â€Å"Sometimes I think that a vacuum is a hell of a lot better than some of the stuff that nature replaces it with†(122). This basically means that emergence and de velopment is in accordance with nature but the result brought about by the change is often damaging and unanticipated. Big Daddy, as a matter of fact is an American Dream embodiment and via his character. Tennessee depicts how the society of America has made a sacrifice of all values in the name of the most appealing value in the globe; money. Ambition has an atrocious aspect, and Big Daddy is an achiever in the world of business, but a failure in some other facets. As a human, he has gone wrong by concentrating his small empire upon himself rather than becoming sensitive to the opinions and demands of his family. He acts as though money were his mere value as a man, as evidenced by this; â€Å"Y’know how much I’m worth? Guess Brick! Guess how much I’m worth!† His being a failure in other aspects and a sorrowful character is by itself a form of tragedy (Kolin 122).† A conspicuous battle ensues in Big Daddy as he makes an effort as a father, to make advances Brick just as a caring dad goes up to his son, revealing his inmost affection and anxiety. The struggle is betwixt his great affection for his boy and his finding the facts, and the mindset of his miserable upbringing by which the dad was normally a removed and an unreachable figure.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The stage directions of the play hints this; â€Å"glancing quickly, shyly, from time to time, at his son†, â€Å"pressing his head quickly, shyly against his son’s head, then coughing with embarrassment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this implies that he is embarrassed to display affection, which displays a form of tragedy within himself (Kolin 134). Via the difficulties experienced by Brick and his father to freely converse about the matter, deficiency in message conveyance is exhibited thus resulting to desolation and closing off. The two men c ontinuously talk while saying nothing of importance and not paying attention to each other at all, as pointed out by Brick’s speech; â€Å"We talk, you talk in circles! We get nowhere, nowhere!† (124) Big Daddy is however determined to converse with his son and he says, â€Å"Don’t let’s- leave it like this, like them other talks we’ve had†¦it’s always like something was left not spoken†. To some extent, the two men are tragic characters. At the earlier stages of the play, there is a family gathering aimed at celebrating the patriarch sixth-fifth birthday of Big Daddy when they barely discover that he had cancer and they start to quarrel and finally had to deal with many other prevarications and hypocrisy in their livings. The destiny of Big Daddy is determined by cancer for which he battles his life against. Meanwhile, Mae and Gooper compete against Maggie for the inheritance that insures economic security in the materialistic s ociety apathetic to the needs of the poor. Big daddy has never made a will and now he is on the brink of dying thus he might end up having inheritance disputes within his family (Kolin 127). The tragedy of existence makes the troubles of Brick to look petty. Brick’s troubles however, are directly associated to the reality that exalted him at one time and he so much adored that he took on its entire preconception. When he had grown old and imperfect, the very world dropped him as a hot brick. At once the reality sickened him, and was displeased for becoming its part, and therefore he set himself apart. Contrariwise, Big Daddy learned to assume the untruthfulness of living, and this hard-boiled and made him misanthropic. Brick attempts to define himself either as homo or heterosexual. Simultaneously, as an idealistic individual, he tries to wage war with a realistic society of America (Kolin 122).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cat on a Hot Tin Roof s pecifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Brick has become unhappy, unemotional, detached and hard to get on with ever since the death of his friend Skipper. He becomes a drunk and nobody, not even Maggie, his wife, could make him happy. He badly misses Skipper and blames himself on what happened to his friend thence sees alcohol as the only remedy to his sorrow. The reason why Brick is very bitter toward life is that he feels there are lies all over in his life which are impossible to get away from. He believes that his wife betrayed him with his closest friend, Skipper. Moreover, everybody was lying about the condition of his father and his family including his brother, are doing all that is possible to make sure that they inherit his father’s fortune after he passes on. With all this occupying his mind, he finds it best to become unemotional and detach himself from his entire family and life. He supposes that if he drinks into oblivion each day of his life, then it will come to pass or he will have nothing to deal with at the least. From his past happy life, Bricks life turned into hell- it had an unhappy ending which brings in the definition of tragic. Due to him not responding to his friend’s call for help, Skipper died leading to his tragic end (Kolin 122-126). Another victim who suffers tragedy is Maggie, Bricks wife. She is constantly rejected by her husband who is supposed to love and comfort her as a soul mate; therefore she suffers that tragedy of rejection and loneliness. When Maggie complains about the trail that their marriage is taking, Brick coldly tells her to have an outside affair if she so wished to have sexual satisfaction. He goes on to tell her that they only shared a roof because she wanted to and had agreed to do so only in name, â€Å"I dont have to do anything I dont want to! Now, you keep forgetting the conditions on which I agreed to stay on living with you.† Such treatment is in appropriate regarding the reality that they were man and wife; hence Maggie continually suffered silently. Maggie on her part is unwilling to go out and have an affair. She opts to remain â€Å"a cat on a hot tin roof† till her husband appreciates her. While being angry and frustrated with the entire situation, she hopes that her husband would change for the better. She does not seem to matter to Brick at all as he becomes bitter and cold toward her and is amazed that Maggie could actually want to bear child with a man who does not love her (Kolin 123). This is truly a tragedy in that it is an unhappy event in life. Families are perhaps the most difficult to understand in human relationships. In the play, they seem to lend themselves towards tragedy naturally. Tennessee’s family greed tragedy is encountered when the news of Big Daddy’s illness is learned of. Mae and Gooper want to gain Big Daddy’s favor and they aim to achieve this by discrediting Maggie and Brick. They claim that they have five kids with the sixth one on the way while Brick and Maggie do not have any (Kolin 128-130).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This way, they are trying to impersonate that the estate of Big Daddy will be in good hands with the responsible family members, â€Å"Suspicious of her greedy, prolific relatives who have produced five grandchildren for Big Daddy, she explains to him why they have assembled to battle over the vast inheritance of the 28,000 acre Mississippi cotton plantation/estate†¦ (131)† The two form a team of public relations, blandishing Big Daddy as they tear down their contenders at every opportunity. They always take caution in maintaining their polite and civilized appearance while betraying Big Daddy’s back. Doctor Baugh and Reverend Tooker also portray the same traits as Mae and Gooper while hoping to be included in the will (Kolin 122). The characters’ stories in the play is in reality a mere means through which Tennessee delivers his message and captures the volatile depth of feelings experienced by groups of people during times of crises. Tragedy, basically d efined as an unhappy ending of an event or a sorrowful character with a disastrous conclusion, has been dealt with by Tennessee in his play. The discussed fateful events can be summarized as; the rich Big Daddy who is now facing a terminal illness and a broken family, Brick who once valued and enjoyed life but has turned to an alcoholic due to his friend’s death, Maggie who hopes to be loved and treated well by her husband but all is in vain, and finally Mae and Gooper who hope to acquire the inheritance. They have been pushed to battle for the inheritance by their economic situation, thus it is unfortunate that they do not possess enough wealth given the fact that they have many children. Conclusively, the Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is indeed a play filled with tragedy. Williams, Tennessee. Tennessee Williams: A Guide to Research and Performance. Trans. Philip Kolin. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998. Print

My version of the American dream to immigrants including Chinese Essay

My version of the American dream to immigrants including Chinese - Essay Example In my own way, I had my version of the American dream to many immigrants; America personified the opportunity to experience the freedom they lacked in their countries, and exploit available opportunities in work and education. Although in the modern day, many countries have become more liberal than there were in the past, I carried such sentiments because, in China, it is well known that the media and freedom of expression are far from the world class. Despite my original enthusiasm, when the day came, I had mixed feelings about leaving my homeland to go to a place I did not know and where I knew almost no one. I said a few tearful goodbyes, and as I walked into the airports interior, I did not look back to wave to my few waving relatives because I did not want them to see my tears. My journey to America in many ways was more than just a physical journey; it was a spiritual one too. I had begun to question myself and decide where I belonged, did I belong to China and should I study, and they return to my home or did I belong to America like my unknown relatives? On the plane, I kept turning these thoughts around in my mind until I fell asleep, I when I woke up, I was in America. When I got off the plane, I stood transfixed in wonderment, staring at the crowds milling around receiving and saying bye to friends. I could hardly believe I was in America, the land of freedom and opportunity, as I experienced a mixture of joy in finally arriving and nostalgia when I realized I had left my homeland probably forever.... I had begun to question myself and decide where I belonged, did I belong to China and should I study, and they return to my home or did I belong to America like my unknown relatives?  On the plane, I kept turning these thoughts around in my mind  until I fell asleep,  I when I woke up, I was  in  America. When I got off the plane, I stood transfixed in wonderment, staring at the crowds milling around receiving and saying bye to friends. I could hardly believe I was in America, the land of freedom and opportunity, as I experienced a mixture of joy in finally arriving and nostalgia, when I realized I had left my homeland probably forever. Settling down was not very hard, and it was arranged that I should stay with my relatives at first before I could move out on my own. I did not move around much in the first few days, and when I did venture out on my own I walked into a cafe for a snack, the first thing I noticed was that almost everything was fried. The food was not bad, bu t I knew it would take time to get used to, some combinations were, however, strange to me, and I did not even attempt them such as cheese and apple. Contrary to what many people in my homeland China imagine, life in America is not an easy one, yes, the jobs pay more, but one has to work longer hours and at times work more than two jobs at a time. When asked my uncle what I could do for work since I needed to make money for my upkeep, he said for the time being I could work in his grocery store in my free time. However, he encouraged me to look around and see what else I could do since he knew selling greens was probably not going to be very interesting to me. One of the fears I had about coming to America was racial discrimination, which I had heard so much about, however, in